A highly contagious and deadlier strain of mpox is spreading in the Democratic Republic of Congo, claiming the lives of children and causing miscarriages. The clade I strain, which is 10 times more lethal than the previous outbreak, has likely already spread to neighboring countries, sparking global concern. Unlike the 2022 outbreak, which was primarily sexually transmitted, this strain is typically contracted from infected animals, such as bushmeat. Researchers are sounding the alarm, urging all countries to prepare for this new strain before it's too late, to prevent a potential global outbreak.

A Lancet Global Health study reveals alarming trends: 49.4% of adult Indians don't meet WHO's physical activity guidelines, up from 22.3% in 2000. More women (57%) than men (42%) are inactive. This increases risks for heart disease, diabetes, and cancers. India ranks 12th globally for physical inactivity. Experts warn sedentary lifestyles worsen health risks early in genetically predisposed populations. Recommendations include starting with enjoyable activities like gardening, and adopting a colorful diet rich in micronutrients. Despite cultural barriers and misconceptions, experts affirm it's never too late to start exercising for improved health outcomes.

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, has expanded its reach to domestic cats and dogs across 31 states in the US, raising concerns about zoonotic transmission. The H5N1 virus, previously affecting wild birds and poultry, has now infected multiple mammals, including cats in nine states and isolated cases in dogs. Experts highlight the potential risks to animal health and minimal but existing concerns for human transmission. Vigilance among pet owners is advised as symptoms in infected animals can include severe illness and fatalities. Authorities continue monitoring to prevent further spread and assess potential human risks.

A new sexually transmitted fungal infection, Trichophyton mentagrophytes type VII (TMVII), has been reported in New York City. The first U.S. case involves a man in his thirties with rashes on his genital area, buttocks, and limbs. Dr. Avrom S Caplan of NYU Grossman School of Medicine highlighted the growing incidence of TMVII, especially in Europe among men who have sex with men. The infection responds to standard antifungal treatments but can take months to heal. Physicians are advised to ask about rashes in sexually active patients who have traveled recently to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.

Japan is battling a deadly outbreak of "flesh-eating" bacteria, Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which can kill within 48 hours. Cases have surged since Covid restrictions were lifted, with 977 reported by June 2, exceeding last year's record. The disease, caused by Group A Streptococcus, can lead to rapid symptoms including limb pain, fever, and necrosis. Most deaths occur within 48 hours, with those over 50 being more vulnerable. Experts warn of the disease's aggressive nature, with swelling progressing rapidly from foot to knee. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent fatalities.

An increase in dengue fever cases across Europe has been attributed to the proliferation of Asian tiger mosquitoes, an invasive species now established in 13 EU countries. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) warns that climate change is facilitating their spread northward, reaching as far as Paris. These mosquitoes, known carriers of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, pose a significant health risk. With international travel aiding disease transmission, authorities advise preventive measures like removing stagnant water and using repellents. The ECDC emphasizes the need for vigilance and early detection amid rising mosquito-borne diseases in Europe.

Researchers have developed an "ultra-sensitive" blood test that can predict breast cancer recurrence years before scans detect it. The test, 100% accurate in a trial with 78 patients, identifies tumor DNA traces. Detected cancer averaged 15 months before symptoms appeared. This breakthrough, led by Dr. Isaac Garcia-Murillas from the Institute of Cancer Research, could enable earlier treatment and improve survival rates. While still in early stages, the findings are seen as a significant step forward in cancer monitoring and treatment.

Sir Patrick Vallance, former UK chief scientific advisor, warns of an inevitable next pandemic, urging prioritized preparedness by the incoming government. Speaking at the Hay Festival, Vallance emphasizes the need for better surveillance and rapid response mechanisms. He criticizes the G7's lack of sustained attention to pandemic preparedness and advocates for international coordination akin to military readiness. Vallance endorses the WHO's pandemic accord but highlights the necessity for efficient inquiry processes. Despite praising anti-smoking efforts, he expresses disappointment over delayed legislation. Urgent action is urged to prevent future crises.

Maharashtra has identified 91 cases of the new Covid-19 Omicron subvariant KP.2, with Pune reporting 51 cases and Thane 20. The variant, which emerged globally in January and became dominant by March-April, is now the prevalent strain in the US. Despite its spread, there hasn't been a significant increase in hospitalizations or serious cases, according to Dr. Rajesh Karyakarte, the state's genome sequencing coordinator. The FLiRT group of variants, including KP.1.1 and KP.2, is being closely monitored for their impact on vaccine immunity and virus changes.

The Union health ministry faces hurdles in finding pharmaceutical collaborators for a salmonella vaccine development initiative. Reopening calls for expressions of interest twice in three months due to lack of responses, the ministry aims to develop a broad-spectrum vaccine targeting typhoid, paratyphoid fever, and salmonella gastroenteritis. With the rising concern of multidrug-resistant strains, the initiative seeks to address pressing public health issues. Hyderabad-based companies Bharat Biotech and Biological E currently produce some salmonella vaccines in India. The collaboration offers manufacturers an opportunity to contribute to a critical public health initiative.